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B-Complex: B-complex is a mixture of all eight B vitamins:

• B1 (Thiamine)
• B2 (riboflavin)
• B3 (Niacin)
• B5 (pantothenate)
• B6 (pyridoxine)
• B7 (biotin)
• B7 (biotin)
• B12 (cobalamin)

The B vitamins are important in converting food to energy. They are also involved in DNA synthesis and replication, mitochondrial phosphorylation, the electron transport chain and ATP production, neurotransmitter production, immune system function, and hemoglobin production.
Another critical metabolic process B vitamins are involved in is called methylation. This is how your body generates carbon groups(C-H3) which are essential for managing just about every operation in every cell in the human body. Here are some of the functions of methylation:
Turn on and off genes (gene regulation) Process chemicals, endogenous and xenobiotic compounds (biotransformation) Build neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, melatonin) Metabolize neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine) Process hormones (estrogen) Build immune cells (T cells, NK cells) DNA and histone synthesis (thymine aka 5-methyluracil) Produce energy (CoQ10, carnitine, creatine, ATP) Produce protective coating on nerves (myelination) Build and maintain cell membranes (phosphatidylcholine) Vitamins such as B12, B6 and B2 are necessary for the proper functioning of the methylation cycle. Without enough, methylation breaks down at the very root and all of the biological processes above can be compromised.

Due to their critical role deficiencies in B vitamins can lead to a VERY wide variety of symptoms including fatigue, anxiety, weight loss, emotional disturbances, muscle weakness, dementia, insomnia, skin eruptions, dermatitis, numbness, paresthesia, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, memory loss, demyelination, multiple sclerosis, paralysis, “brain fog” and cognitive impairment, sore throat, mental confusion, and diarrhea among others.

B6 (pyroxidine) : Vitamin B6 plays a unique role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and GABA. It is also important in amino acid synthesis and it plays a critical role in the methylation cycle.
Deficiency is caused by poor diet, alcoholism, and malabsorption or poor digestion. Symptoms of deficiency include headaches, muscle weakness, anemia, nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, skin eruptions, mental fatigue, “brain fog” or mental sluggishness, and hair loss.

Magnesium (Mg) :Magnesium is a mineral and a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. Magnesium is required for energy production, oxidative phosphorylation, and glucose utilization. It is also required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA and the antioxidant glutathione among other functions.

B2 (riboflavin) : Vitamin B2 is especially critical in energy production, methylation, and DNA and RNA synthesis. Symptoms of deficiency include headaches, fatigue, and irritability.

B12 (cobalamin) :B12 is found mainly in animal foods and cannot be manufactured in the human body. Absorption is very complex and requires stomach acid, intrinsic factor, pancreatic enzymes and intact stomach and small intestine cells.
This vitamin is a key player in the Krebs cycle and in the methylation cycle as it is a critical cofactor in homocysteine conversion to methionine by the enzyme methionine synthase. In its absence the processing of methylfolate and other steps in folate metabolism stop. This blockage of proper folate (B9) metabolism results in anemia and deficiencies in DNA formation.
Other symptoms of B12 deficiency are demyelination (as in multiple sclerosis), slowed nerve conduction, accumulation of homocysteine and increased heart disease risk, defective cell membranes (branched fatty acids), anemia, fatigue, painful and burning feet, skin abnormalities, retarded growth, dizzy spells, digestive disturbances, vomiting, restlessness, stomach stress, and muscle cramps.

Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) : (GPC also known at Apha-GPC) is a very well studied naturally occurring compound which is part of every cell as well as mother’s milk. It is a precursor to acetylcholine (Ach) and it crosses the “blood brain barrier”—in other words it can work in the brain itself to increase levels of acetylcholine almost immediately.
In a 2012 study of healthy human volunteers (1) plasma levels of choline were significantly elevated 60 and 120 minutes after oral intake. This study also showed that GPC naturally increased growth hormone (GH) production and fat breakdown (fatty oxidation) at 60 minutes post ingestion as an added benefit. Another study by Ceda et al corroborated this finding about the relationship between GPC and GH showing that GH levels improved with the use of GPC in the elderly (2).
GH regulates many processes in the body. It improves lean body mass index and helps tissues recover more quickly and effectively from stress, for example.
Kawamura T, Okubo T, Sato K, Fujita S, Goto K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M.. Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults. Nutrition, 28(11), 1122-1126
Ceda GP, Marzani GP, Tontodonati V, Piovani E, Banchini A, Baffoni MT, Hoffman AR. Effects of an acetylcholine precursor on GH secretion in elderly subjects. In Growth Hormone II (pp. 328-337). Springer New York.

B3 (niacin) :

Selenium (Se): : Selenium is trace mineral essential for good health and is needed in small amounts. It is crucial in the function of antioxidants and the immune system. Selenium is incorporated in proteins to make selenocysteine. Selenocysteine is involved in promoting the antioxidant function of glutathione and thioredoxin, both of which neutralize the toxic effects of free radicals—naturally occurring byproducts of oxygen metabolism thought to cause damage to DNA, protein and cell membranes and possibly contribute to chronic illnesses like cancer and heart disease.
Selenium is important in the production and breakdown of thyroid hormones as well. Thyroid hormones essentially command the speed and efficacy of your overall metabolism, so it is important for them to be properly balanced.
Chronic selenium deficiency is associated with lethargy, dizziness, motor weakness and paresthesias, and an excess risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxicity from too much selenium often manifests as neurological impairment.

Taurine : Taurine is an organic acid found abundantly throughout our bodies. It promotes cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, electrolyte balance, hearing, bile acid production, healthy cholesterol levels, neuro-modulation, and immune modulation.
Taurine works on the same receptors in the brain as glycine and GABA to cause relaxation. It may also have a neuro-protective role against glutamate toxicity and it definitely has a role as an antioxidant.

B5 (pantothenic acid) : B5 is used in the synthesis of coenzyme A and CoA and is a component of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain of fatty acid synthase. It’s not important that you know what these particular chemicals do. What you need to understand is that vitamin B5 is required for the metabolism of all carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and it plays a critical indirect role in at least 70 enzymatic reactions in your body.
Deficiencies of B5 can lead to symptoms such as painful and burning feet, skin abnormalities, retarded growth, dizzy spells, digestive disturbances, vomiting, restlessness, stomach stress, and muscle cramps.

Zinc (Zn) : After iron, zinc is the second most abundant trace metal in the human body. Zinc is a co-factor (helper) in over 300 different enzymes and thus is involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes. It interacts with the hormone insulin to ensure proper function, and is a key factor in the regulation of blood glucose levels via insulin action.
Zinc is necessary for the activity of a number of transcription factors at the DNA level in the synthesis of steroid and thyroid hormones. It also promotes wound healing, regulates immune function, serves as a co-factor for numerous antioxidant enzymes, and is necessary for protein synthesis and the processing of collagen. Zinc inhibits the enzyme aromatase which converts testosterone to estrogen, thus potentially increasing available testosterone.
This essential mineral is commonly used in anti-viral preparations to fight the common cold and flu viruses.

Glutathione (GSH) : Glutathione is the “master” antioxidant. It neutralizes free radicals such as superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxy radicals, peroxynitrites, and hydroperoxides, all of which are byproducts of oxygen metabolism in the mitochondria.
Free radicals and ROS can cause damage to DNA, proteins and cell membranes altering their function, causing mutations and may be implicated in chronic illnesses like cancer or heart disease. Glutathione renders these molecules inert, protecting you from their destructive effects.
Detoxification is another major function of glutathione. GSH attaches to substances like heavy metals and xenobiotics—molecules that need to be excreted—forming “conjugates” that make them easier to be eliminated by the liver via bile and the kidneys via urine.

Niacinamide : or vitamin B3 is a precursor for co-factors NAD+/ NADH and NADP/ NADPH. NAD+ and NADP+ act as antioxidants that are important in a variety of cellular pathways that affect skin physiology, energy formation in the mitochondria, Sirtuins production (anti-aging), and neurotransmitter function (serotonin). Niacinamide also has broad anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-kB), and reduces production of a variety of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and IL-12. Both oral and topical forms of Niacinamide have been used to treat inflammatory skin conditions. Niacinamide and Niacin are both well known in their role as natural anxiety relievers.

L-Glycine : is an amino acid biosynthesised in the liver from the amino acids, serine and threonine. As a solid, it’s a sweet tasting crystalline substance and the principle amino acid within cane sugar. In humans, it’s found in high concentrations within the skin, connective tissues and muscle tissues. Glycine helps with the breakdown of fat by regulating the concentration of bile acids. Glycine is also required for the biosynthesis of heme. Heme is a key component of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is essential in the maintenance of red blood cell integrity and optimal oxygen carrying capacity. Within the central nervous system glycine works together with taurine and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) as an inhibitory neurotransmitter (similar to the action of the drug valium). Glycine interferes with the hyper-excitability of the central nervous system. There have been numerous studies investigating the benefits of this amino acid in the treatment of disorders such as hyperactivity, schizophrenia, bipolar, and epilepsy. BLOOD SUGAR: Glycine also assists with the regulation of blood sugars by converting glucose into energy. MUSCLE STRENGTH: Glycine is one of the amino acids necessary for the biosynthesis of creatine. Creatine provides muscles with a direct energy source and helps to build muscle tissue and strength. ANTI-AGING: Glycine is an important anti-aging amino acid. COLLAGEN: Approximately one third of collagen is comprised of glycine. Collagen is the essential protein required to keep the connective tissue and skin flexible and firm. HORMONES: This amino acid can be methylated into dimethylglycine (DMG). DMG plays an important role in the one-carbon pathway that’s essential for the biosynthesis of steroids such as estrogenic and androgenic hormones. Glycine also helps to stimulate the secretion of human growth hormone.